铁碳微电解技术应用与研究

铁碳微电解作为一种"以废治废"的高效废水预处理技术受到人们的广泛关注,近几十年来广泛应用于废水处理工程实践中.为了进一步提高铁碳微电解技术的处理效果,很有必要对铁碳微电解技术的反应机理深入了解,对影响铁碳微电解处理效果的各种因素进行探讨,并剖析近年来铁碳微电解技术在废水预处理应用方面的研究成果,总结该技术存在的问题并探究相应的改进技术,最后对该技术未来研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的规划环境影响评价有效性研究

文章从评价主体、评价对象、介入时间、评价内容、公众参与、技术方法、政策制度等方面构建了包括"评价人员素质、早期介入、指标体系、评价标准、公众参与方式、工作程序完整性、法律法规、替代方案"等19项评价指标,提出了AHP-模糊综合评价法对规划环境影响评价有效性进行综合评价的方法,并以南阳石化专业园区规划环境影响评价为实证案例进行了定量分析.     

广西"十三五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系研究

生态环境保护目标指标是环境保护和生态建设规划中的核心内容,制定科学合理的规划指标体系,能够确保规划各项重点任务顺利实施.通过回顾分析"十一五"、"十二五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系,结合广西环境现状和发展趋势,在与国家和广西同期规划、计划、方案等衔接基础上,研究提出广西"十三五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系,设置了环境质量改善、总量控制、污染治理、风险防范、生态保护和生态公共服务等6个方面共29个指标,以期更好地指导"十三五"环境保护和生态建设工作.     

pH过程控制对铁炭微电解-Fenton影响中试研究

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton联合工艺处理制药废水生化出水,探讨了初始pH对微电解过程COD降解速率、出水中Fe2+和Fe3+变化规律以及后续Fenton氧化效果的影响,为优化联合工艺提出了微电解反应pH过程控制的理论。采用pH过程控制时,微电解对COD降解速率大大提高,降解过程基本符合零级反应动力学,同时可大大提高Fe2+和Fe3+浓度及总铁析出量。试验结果表明:当初始pH=2.5,以3.0L/h连续性投加稀硫酸100 min,曝气微电解反应2 h,出水再投加1.0mL/L的H2O2进行Fenton氧化2 h,出水COD总去除率可达85.6%;采用pH过程控制可将微电解出水ρ(Fe2+)浓度从48.6 mg/L提高至149 mg/L,COD降解速率从10.9 mg/(L·h)提高至23.8 mg/(L·h)。     

An online monitoring system for atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) based on stripping coil and ion chromatography

A new instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO) was developed,consisting of a double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography(SC-IC).SC-IC is featured by small size(50 × 35 × 25 cm) and modular construction,including three independent parts:the sampling unit,the transfer and supporting unit,and the detection unit.High collection efficiency(> 99%) was achieved with 25 μmol/L Na2CO3 as absorption solution even in the presence of highly acidic compounds.This instrument has a detection limit of 8 pptv at 15 min time resolution,with a measurement uncertainty of 7%.Potential interferences from NOx,NO2+SO2,NO2+VOCs,HONO+O3,HNO3,peroxyacetyl nitrite(PAN) and particle nitrite were quantified in laboratory studies and were found to be insignificant under typical atmospheric conditions.Within the framework of the 3C-STAR project,inter-comparison between the SC-IC and LOPAP(long path liquid absorption photometer) was conducted at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta.Good agreement was achieved between the two instruments over three weeks.Both instruments determined a clear diurnal profile of ambient HONO concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 ppbv.However,deviations were found for low ambient HONO concentrations(i.e.< 0.3 ppbv),which cannot be explained by previous investigated interference species.To accurately determine the HONO budget under illuminated conditions,more intercomparison of HONO measurement techniques is still needed in future studies,especially at low HONO concentrations.     

Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation

The understanding of organic phosphorus(P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu(China),and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(31 P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA(NaOH-EDTA) solution.The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and pyrophosphate.Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth.Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids DNA > pyrophosphate.Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P(NaOH-NRP HA),a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed.This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.     

电子垃圾的处理技术

本文着重探讨电子垃圾资源化的先进工艺——人工拆解、粉碎／分选、电析、精炼回收贵金属,从不能直接再利用的电子垃圾中,低成本、低污染、高效率地回收金属、塑料、玻璃等原料投入再生产符合循环经济理念。     

汽车排气污染防治现状及对策分析

随着汽车保有量的剧增,汽车尾气已逐步成为城市环境空气污染的主要来源之一,本文依据我国对机动车污染防治实施的政策及措施,结合近年来现状,对汽车排气污染防治的思路、政策及措施等方面做了分析探讨。     

浓盐水处理技术研究进展

海水淡化技术是解决中国水资源危机的一种具有根本性的举措之一.然而随着海水淡化产业规模的增大,其产生的浓盐水的排放成了本身面临解决的问题之一.本文阐述了浓盐水的特性及其对环境的各种危害性,并对浓盐水直接排放问题进行了详细分析.介绍了国内外近年来主要处理浓盐水的方法-真空膜蒸馏浓缩技术、正渗透技术、喷雾蒸发技术、冷冻法浓缩技术.对各种处理技术的原理和特点进行了详细综述,并对其研究进展进行了归纳总结.最后对各项处理技术的应用前景提出了展望.     

含油污泥三相离心分离处理技术研究

针对原油生产过程中产生的大量含油污泥,油泥成分复杂、严重污染周边环境且造成资源浪费的情况,采用三相离心分离工艺对含油污泥进行处理。通过室内试验研究,确定了含油污泥处理的最佳条件。添加分离剂能够改善油泥分离性能,提高油泥温度能够改善油泥流动效果,摸索出油泥离心分离的最佳时间和离心速率,并对分离后的三相物质进行物性检测。该工艺处理含油污泥可以有效的回收原油,处理后固相减量75%,实现含油污泥减量化、资源化处理的目的。